Non-instantaneous information transfer in physical reservoir computing

The Echo State Network reservoir computing model is used in many applications. The original equations have a form of ‘instantaneous’ information flow. Here we suggest using a more physically realistic form of the equations, which takes into account the time needed for information to flow and to be processed. We demonstrate the effect of this change on a timeseries task, sunspot prediction, on a dynamical system emulation task, NARMA10, and on formulating ‘reservoir of reservoir’ equations.